The clinical pathology lab at Heritage Hospital conducts a wide variety of laboratory tests on blood, urine, stool, and other patient specimens, which provide valuable information to diagnose disease and guide treatment decisions. Some of the most common tests our clinical path lab in Varanasi performs are:
Urine Analysis
It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of a patient’s urine sample. It is commonly ordered to help detect urinary tract infections, kidney problems, diabetes, liver problems, or other metabolic conditions. The test can identify levels of substances, including protein and glucose, as well as the presence of blood, bacteria, or other abnormal constituents.
| Parameter |
Normal Values |
Clinical Implications |
|
Specific Gravity
|
1.005 to 1.025
|
Indicates hydration status and kidney function.Variances can suggest various kidney and metabolic conditions.
|
|
Protein
|
Less than 150 mg/d
|
Detects renal disease, hypertension, and other conditions. Small amounts are normal.
|
|
Glucose and Ketones
|
Glucose: Less than 130 mg/d, Ketones: None
|
Glucose can indicate diabetes; ketones suggest conditions like ketoacidosis or starvation.
|
|
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
|
0 to 3 RBCs per high power field
|
Indicate urinary tract infections or other conditions causing blood in urine.
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White Blood Cells (WBCs)
|
Less than 2-5 WBCs per high power field
|
Elevated levels can indicate urinary tract infections or inflammations.
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|
Casts
|
0 to 5 hyaline casts per low power field
|
Types and quantities can indicate various kidney conditions.
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|
Crystals and Other Components
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Crystals: Occasionally; Bacteria: None; Yeast: None
|
Certain crystals indicate metabolic issues; bacteria or yeast suggest infections.
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Creatinine (24-hour urine)
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Males: 4–40 mg/24 hours, Females: 0–100 mg/24 hours
|
Measures kidney function and muscle mass.
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|
Microalbumin
|
Less than 30 mg/24 hours
|
An early marker of kidney damage, especially in diabetic patients.
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|
Leukocyte Esterase
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Positive for >10 WBCs per high power field
|
Indicates urinary tract infections or other inflammatory conditions.
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Nitrites
|
Normally negative
|
Positive results often indicate bacterial infection.
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Bilirubin/Urobilinogen
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Usually, only conjugated bilirubin is found
|
Presence indicates liver problems.
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|
pH
|
4.5 to 8.0
|
Reflects the acid-base balance of urine. Abnormal pH levels can indicate urinary tract disorders or systemic diseases.
|
Infectious Disease Testing
Heritage Hospital’s clinical microbiology lab in Varanasi uses techniques like antibody detection, cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Infectious disease testing is critical for diagnosing conditions ranging from sore throats to pneumonia to food poisoning.
Stool Testing
Stool testing is an integral part of the clinical pathology services at Heritage Hospital, involving the examination of a patient’s fecal sample to help diagnose gastrointestinal diseases and infections. Our laboratory utilizes microscopic analysis, cultures, antigen testing, and PCR to identify pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other organisms that can cause conditions ranging from food poisoning to colitis.
Our stool tests also analyze fecal occult blood, fat/protein levels, white blood cells, and digestive enzymes to uncover issues like intestinal bleeding, malabsorption, inflammation, and cancer patients. This non-invasive testing provides invaluable information about gut health and diseases.
